Effect of birth ball exercises during pregnancy on mode of delivery in primiparous women

Considering the fact that cesarean section [c-section] poses greater risks of maternal and neonatal complications, compared to vaginal delivery, scholars seek different strategies to decrease the prevalence of this surgical procedure. Birth ball exercises during pregnancy are among the proposed strategies. Thus, this study aimed to determine the effect of using birth ball during pregnancy on mode of delivery in primiparous women. This clinical trial was conducted on 54 women, referring to the maternity ward of Omolbanin Hospital. Subjects were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The intervention group performed birth ball exercises for 4-6 weeks; on the other hand, the control group only received routine care. Data were collected using questionnaires, forms of examination and observation, and checklists for recording exercise movements on a weekly basis. Chi-square, Fisher's exact test, and Mann-Whitney U test were performed, using SPSS version 16. Rates of vaginal delivery and c-section in the intervention group were 92.6% and 7.4%, respectively, while the corresponding values in the control group were 66.7% and 33.3%, respectively. Chi-square showed a significant difference between the two groups in terms of mode of delivery [P=0.018]. Considering the significance of promoting vaginal delivery among women, performing birth ball exercises is recommended as a useful, non-pharmacological, and inexpensive strategy for reducing c-section rate

Effect of the timing of Intramuscular Oxytocin injection on Maternal bleeding during the third stage of labour

The third stage of labour is one of the most troublesome stages of child delivery. The basic principle of the third stage management is administrating prophylactic uterotonics. However, the time of its administration varies in different hospitals. This study aimed to determine the effect of intramuscular oxytocin injection after emergence of the fetal anterior shoulder or placental expulsion on bleeding in the third stage of labour. This clinical trial was conducted on 100 pregnant women with gestational age of 38-42 weeks, and singleton pregnancies. Subjects were selected using convenience sampling and were then randomly assigned to intervention [injection of 10 IU intramuscular oxytocin after emergence of the fetal anterior shoulder] and control [injection of 10 IU intramuscular oxytocin after placental expulsion] groups. Blood was collected in containers and weighed with a weighing scale. A checklist was used to record labor and delivery related data. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 11.5, using Chi-square and t-test. The mean amount of bleeding during the third stage of labour was 183.4 +/- 145.8 and 202.2 +/- 208.8 ml in intervention and control group, respectively. No significant difference was found between two groups in terms of maternal bleeding. Injection of intramuscular oxytocin either after emergence of the fetal anterior shoulder or placental expulsion does not affect the amount of maternal bleeding during the third stage of labour

effect of intravenous fentanyl on pain and duration of the active phase of first stage labor

Opioids are most widely used for pain relief during childbirth. An alternative opioid, fentanyl, has been shown to be a good option for pain management and has fewer side-effects on both mother and fetus. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the effect of fentanyl on pain as well as the duration of the active phase of labor. This clinical trial was conducted on 70 multiparous parturients having labor from May to July 2006 at Tamin Ejtemai Hospital. They were selected by convenience sampling at the beginning of the active phase of labor. The samples were then randomly divided into the case and control groups. The case group received fentany l 50 micrograms in two doses, one hour apart after being diluted [0 and 60 mins]. Vital signs were recorded pre-administration and 5, 15, 30, 45, 60 minutes post-administration. Pain intensity was estimated by visual pain scale [0-10] four times [before and 1, 2, 3 hours after the intervention]. Data analysis was done using the student t-test, repeated measure ANOVA and chi-square tests via SPSS 11.5 software. The results showed a significant reduction in pain [p=0.002] and HR [p=0.001] in the case group. The mean pain score also decreased from 8 +/- 1 to 5 +/- 1. There was a significant difference in terms of the duration of the active phase between the two groups [p=0.001]. However, there were no significant differences in terms of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure between the two groups. Fentanyl provides good analgesic effect for pain management during labor by considerably reducing the duration of the active phase, and can therefore be used as an acceptable analgesic agent during labor.

effect of ordering in endocervix-exocervix sampling on pap smear results

Background and Purpose: Cervical Cancer is one of the most Common cancers in the world and is primarily diagnosed by pap smear. This study was conducted to determined the effect of endocervixexocervix order in sampling on pap smear results in women referring to Imamreza Clinic in Mashad, Iran

Methods and Materials: In this clinical trial, 211 women were conveniently sampled for the study; within a month, their samples of endocervix-exocervix [control] and exocervix-endocervix [case] were obtained. Uninterpretable or limited interpretations of pap smear due to blood, spoiled samples due to dry air or endocervix cells were compared. Chi-square and ratio Comparison were used to determind the significant differences of the quality and efficiency of samples in two methods

Results: 97.2% of the exocervix-endocervix samples and 96.7% of the opposite-order samples contained endocervix cells, which rendered no significant difference between the two methods [p=0.2]. Obscured pap smear results due to blood were found more in endocervix-exocervix samples [p=0.0003]. No significant difference was found to exist between the two groups as there were no obscured or limited interpretations due to dry air

Conclusion: Samples of the exocervix-endocervix order were of better quality as samples of limited interpretation due to obscuring blood are reduced

Comparison of the side effects of general and spinal anesthesia in cesarean section of women referring two hospitals in torbate heidaryyeh, Iran in 2004

Background and Purpose: Cesarean Section [CS] is a Common obstetric procedure and hence, a lowrisk, appropriate and cost-effective anesthetic method is of importance for both mother and neonate. As almost all cesarean sections in the two hospitals of Torbate Heidarryyeh are performed under general anesthesia due to concern about the complications of Spinal anesthesia, the side effects of the two methods are studied in this research

Methods and Materials: 37 pregnant gravid 1-2 women of 18-30 years old with signal-fetus pregnancy and no other complication who experienced Spinal cesarean section were compared with 52 women who experienud cesarean section under general anesthesia. The side effects of each method were recorded for 24 hours after the surgery

Results: Mean first-minute Apgar in Spinal Cesarean and ceosarean section by general anesthesia were 8.8 +/- 0.3 and 8.3 +/- 0.7 respectively which means a statistically significant difference. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significant. Perfect satisfaction in the Spinal subjects was 64.9% and in the other group was 5.8%

Conclusion: High satisfaction rate, the subject's cooperation in controlling the uterus and prevention of atony, good cooperation in lactation, low headache recurrence in 2.7% of the cases, and low cost are the advantages of the spinal anesthesia and therefore it is recommended for cesarean section Candidates